With the use of cone beam computed tomography, intraoral scanning and 3D stereophotogrammetry, a virtual 3D head model of a patient can be reconstructed with image fusion. In this way, the malposition, deficiency and other anomalies at the level of bone, dentition and soft tissue can be quantified objectively. The desired position of the dentition, occlusion and soft tissue in the facial profile can be virtually drawn in and used as a guideline for treatment planning. Based on the principle of backward planning, it is possible to determine what repositioning of the jaw is required, where there is a need for bone augmentation and how many dental implants are necessary to obtain the desired treatment outcome. From this perspective, 3D treatment planning has become a treatment standard for the 4 clinical pillars supporting oral and maxillofacial surgery, specifically orthognathic surgery, implantology, craniofacial surgery and head & neck oncology. 3D planning has influenced today’s workflow, planning of complex surgery and contributed to useful further innovations and efficient healthcare.